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考研英語美文賞讀(20):早期人類抬腿跑動(dòng)的解密

  摘要:考研英語作為一門考研公共課,雖然大家都學(xué)了英語十幾年,卻仍經(jīng)常有總分過線掛在英語上的情況,因此英語復(fù)習(xí)不單單是單詞、做題。閱讀作為考研英語的大頭,僅僅做考研真題或許沒法滿足你的閱讀量,因此幫幫之后會(huì)不定時(shí)推出一篇英文美文,這些文章都與考研英語閱讀同源,多讀必有好處。

  ?Homo sapiens are nowhere near the fastest runners in the animal kingdom. But what we lack in speed, we make up for in endurance. And we’re specially equipped to go the distance.

  在動(dòng)物王國里,智人的奔跑速度遠(yuǎn)不如那些跑的最快的動(dòng)物。速度確實(shí)是我們的短板,但我們卻以耐力彌補(bǔ)不足。尤其適合遠(yuǎn)距離跑動(dòng)。

  We’ve got bigger butt muscles than other primates.

  比起其他靈長類,我們有更加強(qiáng)壯的臀部肌肉。

  We lost most of our fur, too, and sprouted lots of sweat glands, to help us cool off.

  為此,我們也失去了大部分體毛,長處了發(fā)達(dá)的汗腺,以給身體降溫。

  Scientists believe our endurance running abilities began to appear two [million] to three million years ago, around the time the genus homo came about.

  科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,我們跑動(dòng)的忍耐力出現(xiàn)在200萬到300萬年前,大概就在這個(gè)時(shí)間,智人出現(xiàn)了。

  And a new study suggests that a mutation in one key gene had something to do with it.

  新的研究表明,這種忍耐力與一次重要的基因突變相關(guān)。

  The mutation, in what’s called the CMAH gene, altered the types of sugar molecules that decorate the surfaces of every cell in our bodies. Which in turn may have made our muscles less prone to fatigue.

  有一種稱作羥化酶(CMAH)的基因,它的突變改變了我們身體里每個(gè)細(xì)胞表面上分部的各種糖分子,反過來,這也可能使我們肌肉不易產(chǎn)生疲勞感。

  Researchers have now found that mice bred with that same mutation can run longer without tiring, compared to regular mice.

  最近,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),和正常的老鼠相比,有同樣基因突變的老鼠可以不知疲倦的跑動(dòng)。

  The mice with the gene alteration also logged more miles running on their wheels, apparently for fun.

  這些基因改變的老鼠顯然對(duì)跑動(dòng)更加感興趣,在它們實(shí)驗(yàn)跑動(dòng)的輪子上被記錄的奔跑距離更遠(yuǎn)一些。

  And they had more capillaries in their back leg muscles—which would increase the delivery of nutrients and oxygen during endurance exercise.

  它們后腿肌肉里的毛細(xì)血管更加密集---在持久的跑動(dòng)期間,這也提高了它身體內(nèi)營養(yǎng)和氧氣的運(yùn)輸。

  The complete stats are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

  完整的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)錄入到了《英國皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)B》中。

  It’s unclear if this small genetic tweak endows humans with the same benefits as the mice.

  尚不清楚的是,對(duì)于這樣細(xì)微的基因微調(diào),人類是否會(huì)和老鼠一樣從中受益。

  But if it does, it could help explain how early humans got a leg up on their competitors. Or, really, two legs.

  但如果事實(shí)的確如此的話,它就可以幫助我們弄清人類是何時(shí)在和那些奔跑的賽手比拼的時(shí)候,抬起了一條腿,或者,可以確切地說是,兩條腿。

  全文共252個(gè)詞

  幫幫提示:考研英語同源外刊美文賞讀匯總

  (實(shí)習(xí)小編:咕咚)

 

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