從2015年考研英語(yǔ)一翻譯真題分析來(lái)源

　　2015年全國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試今天拉開(kāi)帷幕。今天是考研的第1天，下午進(jìn)行了英語(yǔ)的考試，第一時(shí)間對(duì)考研真題進(jìn)行直播解析，敬請(qǐng)持續(xù)關(guān)注。
　　英語(yǔ)一翻譯的文章來(lái)源于An Outline of American History，《美國(guó)歷史綱要》，是一本歷史學(xué)方面的專(zhuān)著?？佳蟹g曾經(jīng)在1999年考過(guò)歷史學(xué)方面的話題，當(dāng)初考的是歷史學(xué)科建立方面的爭(zhēng)論，關(guān)于歷史研究方法論的。今年的考題與1999年那篇?dú)v史學(xué)文章的試題相比，簡(jiǎn)單太多。但是與2014年考研翻譯試題相比，難度倒是上升了不小。
　　真題如下，大家參考：
　　Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, impelled (命題人改寫(xiě)為driven) by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
　　受到各種強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)機(jī)所驅(qū)使，這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在荒野中開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一個(gè)國(guó)家；本質(zhì)使然，它也塑造了這片未知大陸的性格和命運(yùn)。
　　47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these distinctly European cultural(命題人刪除了這三個(gè)詞)traits. 有兩股主要力量形成了美國(guó)：一是歐洲移民帶來(lái)的各式思想、風(fēng)俗和民族特征，二是這個(gè)新國(guó)家本身在融合上述特征之后帶來(lái)的影響。Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, inevitably,(命題人刪掉了這個(gè)詞) the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 但是，美國(guó)特有的地理?xiàng)l件、不同種族間的相互影響、以及在這片原始的新大陸上維持舊秩序的艱難，帶來(lái)了巨大的變化。These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
　　49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.十五世紀(jì)和十六世紀(jì)的探索發(fā)現(xiàn)了北美洲，又過(guò)了一百多年，第一艘滿載移民的航船跨過(guò)大西洋駛向這片土地，即現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)。 In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.
　　To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its profusion(命題人把這個(gè)詞改為richness) and variety of trees was a veritable(命題人把這個(gè)詞改為real) treasure-house which extended over 1,300 miles from Maine in the north to Georgia(命題人把這個(gè)部分改為：from Maine all the way down to Georgia)原始的森林，有著種類(lèi)繁多的林木，從緬因州往南一直綿延到喬治亞州，的確是一座寶庫(kù)。in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.