摘要:時間還有十幾天,英語主要提分項重點(diǎn)是作文,今天幫幫給大家整理了現(xiàn)階段小作文的備考事項及要點(diǎn),希望大家可以在小作文上也多拿幾分。
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摘要:時間還有十幾天,英語主要提分項重點(diǎn)是作文,今天幫幫給大家整理了現(xiàn)階段小作文的備考事項及要點(diǎn),希望大家可以在小作文上也多拿幾分。
?小作文寫作要點(diǎn)
先來說說寫作要點(diǎn)。文章是否包含題目中的所有要點(diǎn)也是小作文的重要評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。首先,數(shù)應(yīng)達(dá)到100詞左右;其次,小作文題目中提到的要點(diǎn)(一般為三點(diǎn))應(yīng)該在文中全部提。所以,審題要仔細(xì),不能遺漏問題中的要點(diǎn)。根據(jù)這一要求,小作文一般寫3-4段。仍然小作文真題為例說明這一點(diǎn)。
Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
題目中的指令是Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology,很明顯作文應(yīng)包括三個要點(diǎn):告訴老板自己的辭職決定,陳述辭職的原因并表示歉意。范文包含了上述三個要點(diǎn):第一段告訴老板自己的辭職決定,第二段給出了辭職的三個原因,而末段表示了歉意。
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find intolerable.
First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself, as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.
I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
綜上所述,可以用3-4個段落對應(yīng)題目中的幾個要點(diǎn),一般是一個段落寫一個要點(diǎn)。在闡述要點(diǎn)時,各個段落分工如下:
第一段:交代寫信的目的;
第二段:從兩三個方談?wù)撔诺闹黧w內(nèi)容,各個方面之間以關(guān)聯(lián)詞相呼應(yīng),給人層次分明的感覺,像范文第二段中的關(guān)聯(lián)詞first of all, in addition, most importantly就使得第二段充分而連貫;
第三段:闡述第三個要點(diǎn),如果有的話;
最后一段:從交際的角度來完成此信,如獲得恩惠后表示感激、造成麻煩時表示歉意等。
?小作文語言問題詳解
小作文的格式很重要,小作文的語言也很重要。除了一般作文的要求,如沒有語法錯誤、用詞豐富、句子結(jié)構(gòu)有變化以外,小作文還有特殊的要求,如文體方與交際方面的要求。下面以一篇范文為例剖析這幾點(diǎn)。
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find intolerable.
First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself, as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.
I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
一、遣詞造句
首先,本文用詞準(zhǔn)。例如,current position中的current,(spend over three hours) commuting中的commuting,(any really important) responsibility中的responsibility。其次,句型多變。有并列句,如第二段首句。還有較多的復(fù)合句,包含主句與從句,如第二段的第二句與第三句。當(dāng)然,銜接手段也很豐富,具體內(nèi)容會在明天的總結(jié)中談到。
二、文體規(guī)范
所謂文體,就是考研大綱中所說的語域問題。小作文主要考查兩類文體,即式文體與非正式文體。寫給團(tuán)體或機(jī)構(gòu)的書信一般使用正式語言,即不用縮略語和口語用法。非正式文體主要涉寫給朋友的書信,可以使用縮略語和口語用法。上面的信是寫給團(tuán)體負(fù)責(zé)人的,所以用語正式。
三、交際原則
所謂交際原則,就是要針對不同場合使用不同語言,使交流得以進(jìn)行。落實到小作文的書信,就是要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂枚Y貌語言。上面文中的末句就體現(xiàn)了這一原則。不同的應(yīng)用文有不同的用語,考生應(yīng)該加以熟悉和背誦,使考試時能運(yùn)用自如。針對不同應(yīng)用文的具體套話。
核心提示:在兩篇作文中,小作文,就是應(yīng)用文滿分為10分,得高分比大作文容易一些,因為它更加套路化,對語言的要求也不如大作文那么高。綜上所述,注意格式是小作文得高分的第一步。
作文與閱讀一樣極為重要。在兩篇作文中,小作文,就是應(yīng)用文滿分為10分,得高分比大作文容易一些,因為更加套路化,對語言的要求也不如大作文那么高??墒强忌膶嶋H得分卻不是很理想。出現(xiàn)這種問題的主要原因在于寫作的格式、語言和要點(diǎn)等方注意不夠。
?下面介紹的是小作文的格式問題。
Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find intolerable.
First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself, as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.
I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
由上面小作文考題以范文可以了解小作文格式主要涉及稱呼、正文與落款。
一、格式
1. 稱呼
指寫信人對收信人的稱謂敬語。一般,稱呼要頂格寫,稱呼之后要加逗號。英語應(yīng)用文稱呼具有以下的特點(diǎn):
(1)如果是不認(rèn)識的人,一般稱呼為敬詞+尊稱。例如,Dear Sir or Madam 或者 To Whom It May Concern (需注意每個單詞首字母都大寫);
(2)如果是寫給關(guān)系正式的某團(tuán)體、組織或個人,稱呼為敬詞+尊稱+名。例如,Dear Mr. Xx,或Dear Ms. Xx,;
(3)對于關(guān)系較親密的人可以直呼其名,即 Dear Xx,。
2. 正文
正文是書信中最重要的內(nèi)容,也是應(yīng)用文的得分關(guān)鍵。正文一般有兩種格式:一是縮進(jìn)式,即首段開頭空四個字母,段落之間不空行; 另一種是齊頭式,即每段開頭不空格,但是各段之間空一行。建議考生采用縮進(jìn)式,因為如果用齊頭式,段間空行的話很可能答題空間不夠,導(dǎo)致字?jǐn)?shù)不夠。
3. 落款
落款包括結(jié)束語和署名兩個部分。落款要注意留出兩行。一行是靠后寫類似漢語"此致敬禮"的話也就是"Sincerely yours, "或者"Yours sincerely ,"一定要注意這個地方的結(jié)尾是有逗號的,如果丟掉了逗號,則會扣掉一分,請大家一定要注意。同時,還需要注意落款,落款部分不能寫自己的名字。按照directions 中的要求使用名字。英語一的署名一般為Li Ming,英語二的署名一般為Zhang Wei。同時請大家注意名字后面一定不要加任何的符號。很多的考生喜歡在此打點(diǎn)號,請大家一定要注意,這里會被扣掉一分。
特別提示:一般情況下,考研書信類應(yīng)用文不要求寫日期。
二、語言
首先,寫作時要用詞準(zhǔn)確;其次,句式多樣性,例如,既有并列句,也有復(fù)合句,還有從句,但注意語法運(yùn)用要正確。此外還要注意,正式語言一般是寫給具有正式關(guān)系的團(tuán)體或機(jī)構(gòu),這種情況不用縮略語和口語用法。一般小作文的考查要求中會體現(xiàn)出寫信的目的和場合,所以考生在寫作時要注意針對不同場合使用不同語言,使交流得以進(jìn)行。另外,考生也要注意不同的應(yīng)用文有不同的用語。建議考生對某些應(yīng)用文的格式和習(xí)慣用語,應(yīng)該加以熟悉和背誦,以便運(yùn)用自如。
小作文如何做到語言準(zhǔn)確?
1、謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題
I am a student who are willing to engage in the course of building an eco-friendly city. 這個句子是一位同學(xué)在練習(xí)小作文寫作時寫的,問題出在了定語從句的謂語動詞are上。這里的先行詞是student,是一個第三人稱單數(shù),所以謂語動詞要用單數(shù)is。這類錯誤是同學(xué)們經(jīng)常犯的,尤其是在各種從句和并列結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的時候,很多同學(xué)就回忘了前面真正的主語是誰,以至于開始憑著感覺隨便寫了一個出來,再比如下面這個句子:Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season. 這里由于主語fruits and vegetables離從句位置較遠(yuǎn),所以,在寫作的過程中,同學(xué)們有可能忘了前面的主語是誰,從而出現(xiàn)謂語動詞使用錯亂的情況。
2、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題
I hope that you will find these advices practical. 這個句子也是一位同學(xué)寫的,問題出在了advice是個不可數(shù)名詞,不會出現(xiàn)advices這種形式的。當(dāng)然對應(yīng)的就回出現(xiàn)some suggestion這種該加復(fù)數(shù)反而沒加的情況。除此之外,還有audience這種單復(fù)同形的名詞,和evidence和knowledge這些不可數(shù)名詞,在平時練習(xí)寫作的過程中一定要培養(yǎng)詞匯的敏感度,在寫的時候就會下意識地注意到這些問題。
3、修飾語是否放在正確的位置上
Without television, people can't get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately. 在這個句子中,immediately 顯然放錯了位置。是“得到迅速從各地傳來的消息”,還是“迅速得到從各地傳來的消息”?這里語義含混不清,應(yīng)該改為: Without television, people can't get information immediately which comes from other parts of the world.
三、其他
在考試時,考生尤其需要注意的是,不要一看到題目要求后就忙于動筆,雖說小作文的字?jǐn)?shù)在一百詞左右,但是依舊要在腦子里理清思路。最好能夠在仔細(xì)審題以后,認(rèn)真列個提綱,這樣更有利于思路清晰。同時,寫作時,注意表達(dá)清楚以下幾個方面:
首先交代清楚寫信目的;其次為了讓閱卷者對你的文章結(jié)構(gòu)及表意一目了然,注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞或銜接詞的運(yùn)用;接下來,應(yīng)該對個人的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述。最后,行文間要注意簡化描述,用簡短的語句代替冗長的語句。在作文完成的時候,應(yīng)該檢查、修改,以免遺漏一些需要表達(dá)清楚的要點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)。
?友情鏈接: 考研英語:十大模板助你小作文穩(wěn)上分!
(實習(xí)小編:咕咚 )
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