真題揭秘！破解英語新題型技巧

　　摘要：考研新題型并不像大家所說的那樣難于登天，掌握了相應的解題規(guī)律后，是在短時間內最有可能提分的一個專項。今天幫幫以往年考研英語新題型真題為例，為大家整理考研英語新題型的解題思路，希望對大家有所幫助。

　　?新題型的三種題型的展示方式

　　新題型一共有三種題型，分別是：

　　題型一：

　　排序題：7，8個選項排序，已給2，3段的段落位置。

　　題型二：

　　選擇搭配題：5空，在6，7個選項里以補充完整5空。所謂的七選五

　　題型三：

　　小標題或概括句：從6，7個選項中選出最恰當?shù)?個標題填入文中空白處。

　　?新題型解題著重點

　　重點說一些前兩類題型——七選五、排序。這兩類題型比小標題稍難，也是最有概率考的。在這不是壓題，是用之前的數(shù)據(jù)說話。再說這兩類題之前，我們很有必要來了解這篇文章是怎么來的。大家知道，一篇考研閱讀的文章不能是跟散文一樣，想到哪說到哪，一定是很有邏輯性，一環(huán)扣一環(huán)的。就算是散文也是“形散神不散”。

　　不能是這樣：A：你吃飯了么？

　　B：我考試得了100分，你考得怎么樣？

　　A：我周末去公園玩了。

　　這樣的句子就是毫無邏輯可言的，當然也不會出現(xiàn)在文章中。那么一篇文章怎么能做到邏輯縝密、嚴絲合縫呢！最重要的是通過兩個“連接裝置” ：

　　1、邏輯連詞，and but so or for這類的，這個是大的邏輯關系詞。

　　2、代詞。

　　但是有的同學說了，代詞怎么能有邏輯關系呢？怎么能連接句子呢？我說一個最簡單的例子：XX明星長得很漂亮，我很喜歡她。這兩個之間沒有邏輯連詞，但是句子仍然顯得很有邏輯性，很嚴密。這是因為有了代詞，“她”這個代詞就把兩個沒關系的句子連接起來了。這樣一解釋我們就頓悟了，原來我們尋找的“同義復現(xiàn)”背后的原理就是尋找文章的代詞，原來原理竟是如此的簡單。

　　既然知道了“連接裝置”的存在，我們就要進一步的想一下文章的脈絡了。一篇文章挖了5個空，讓我們從7個備選答案中選出正確的。那一定是用邏輯連詞(邏輯關系)或者代詞來把兩個段落連接起來。這樣我們做題的時候就抓住了重點，就是“連接裝置”。用鏈接裝置來做題。舉個例子：

　　2010年的6選5排序，這個題在10年的抽樣調查中，得分率僅為2分。因為ABCDE和EABCD是完全不同的，如果ABCDE是正確答案，那么EABCD就是0分，一招出錯滿盤皆輸。具體來說，第一題是讓我們填首段，這個是當年感覺最簡單的一道題。

　　[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing…

　　[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets…

　　[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure…

　　[D] All in all， this clearly seems to be a market in…

　　[F] For example， wholesale food and drink sales…

　　[G] However， none of these requirements should deter…

　　在這六個選項中，ADFG是有邏輯連詞，C是代詞。其邏輯關系一定是前邊闡述了一個觀點或者事情，然后后邊才能接這些連接裝置。所以B很容易就選出來了。在童鞋們復習考研新題型的時候，要多關注怎么用“連接裝置”來解題，看輔導書的解析的時候也應該看看他的解析是否用到了邏輯關系，是否用到了關鍵詞。

　　3、在新題型中有幾個除了連接裝置的詞，也要足夠引起我們的注意。

　　（1）數(shù)字：我們對一些數(shù)字要敏感的，作者行文可能是通過時間順序，或者是按某種特定的順序。最典型的就是2006年的“美國博彩業(yè)的興旺”全篇行文是按主人公越賭越大，所賭的錢數(shù)也是遞增的關系。這樣我們的第一題的C就輕松解出來了，根本不用知道他在說什么。我們要對數(shù)字敏感，遇到白給分的題千萬要拿住。

　　（2）引號&專有名詞：如果你引入一個新的概念或者一個新的專有名詞，那么你要先介紹他，這就不免在一個段落或連續(xù)的幾個段落多次出現(xiàn)這個專有名詞。如2008年的最后一題?？涨暗淖詈笠痪?，The student who wrote “The A &P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)這里出現(xiàn)了一個專有名詞The A &P不管他是縮寫還是什么意思，這個是我們不知道的東西，后面一定會還要提到他。那么看選項中EF有提到The A &P

　　E：Although this is an interesting issue， it has…lead up to the A &P “policy” he enforces.

　　F：In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A &P”…

　　如果你還記得上邊說的兩大“連接裝置”那你看到E選項，會是多么激動的事情??！既有邏輯連詞Although，又有代詞this，如果讓我蒙我會毫不猶豫的蒙E。當然你也可以通過語義的分析來解這道題。就F來說，很突兀的一句話，和上文不搭調，原因就在于它沒有連接裝置。

　　?新題型解題技巧

　　對于新題型的答題策略應該是注重段落篇章的邏輯關聯(lián)和結構，下面教大家兩個招式來瓦解新題型，快速奪取這個模塊的分數(shù)。

　　1、識別上下關聯(lián)詞

　　♦真題回放：（2013年真題）

　　Today， the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates， rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that thenumberof papers including thekeywords“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. （43）

　?。跙］ However， thenumbersare still small： in 2010，about 1，600 of the 100，000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.

　　解析：43題是本段最后一句，由此和它關聯(lián)最緊密的是它的上一句。上句中nalyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004.講的核心詞是number，并且還出現(xiàn)了個新詞匯“keywords”，而選項B中也出現(xiàn)了number和keywords，和前句構成了上下關聯(lián)，故而選之。

　　2、捆綁排序

　　♦真題回放：（2011年真題）

　　[A]No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can， Mr. Menand points out， become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years.Not surprisingly， up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

　　[C]Equally unsurprisingly， only about half end up ：with professorships forwhich they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.

　　解析：A選項的最后提到了Not surprisingly，而C選項的開頭也提到了Equally unsurprisingly，這表明這兩段有關聯(lián)，是對同一話題的探討，因而，這兩個可以捆綁在一起排序。

　　♦真題回放：（2014年真題）

　　[B]In another case， American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600， this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas， but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

　　[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.In one case，many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan， Honduras， have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changeddramatically between AD 500 and 850， when Copan collapsed.

　　解析：我們從B段的開頭看到In another case，那么，肯定會出現(xiàn)另一個one case，而在D段我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了In one case，所以BD形成了捆綁，并且D前B后，這樣排序時，我們就可以一下子填兩個連著的空格了。

　　3、復現(xiàn)

　　所謂的復現(xiàn)指的是相關解題信息的重復出現(xiàn)。復現(xiàn)涉及到原詞復現(xiàn)，同義、近義詞復現(xiàn)以及反義復現(xiàn)等。掌握這種解題方法，能夠幫助我們迅速解題。

　　♦真題回放：（2010年真題）

　　[B]①Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill， leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. ②Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce， with limit success， and expansion abroad. ③But almost all have ignored the big， profitable opportunity in their own backyard：the wholesale food and drink trade， which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

　　[F] ①For example， wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France， Germany， Italy， Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. ②Moreover， average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail； wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often； and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

　　【分析】 [F]選項中首句中的wholesale food and drink和[B]選項中最后一句話的the wholesale food and drink形成原詞復現(xiàn)。

　　♦真題回放：（2012年真題）

　　①Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. ②The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. ③ (45)

　　[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow， to encourage thoughtful downloading and， even more importantly， meaningful uploading.

　　【分析】 [G] 選項中the flow與45題前flowing形成同根詞復現(xiàn)。

　　4、代詞指代

　　代詞常指代前文中出現(xiàn)過的名詞，當某個選項句首或句尾出現(xiàn)代詞時，要格外敏感，通過找指代，可以迅速的把兩個選項連在一起。

　　♦真題回放：（2010年真題）

　　[D] ①All in all， this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale， existing infrastructure， and proven skills in the management of product ranges， logistics， and marketing intelligence. ②Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. ③At least， that is how it looks as a whole. ④Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets， especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures， as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. ⑤Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. ⑥New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.

　　[G] However， none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand， for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

　　【分析】2010年真題的新題型考查的是排序題。 [G] 選項的句首的these requirements與[D]選項最后一句are needed too 形成照應的關系。

　　♦真題回放：（2012年真題）

　?、貴or all the possibilities of our new culture machines， most people are still stuck in download mode. ②Even after the advent of widespread social media， a pyramid of production remains， with a small number of people uploading material， a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content， and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. ③(44)

　　[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century， much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.

　　【分析】 2012年真題的新題型考查的是七選五。[F] 選項首句出現(xiàn)了this pyramid of production. “this”這個明顯的指示代詞，說明前面會出現(xiàn)pyramid of production。44題前文中則出現(xiàn)了a pyramid of production。此時形成一種明顯的照應關系。

　　♦真題回放：（2012年真題）

　　①All animals download， but only a few upload. ②Beavers build dams and birds make nests. ③Yet for the most part， the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. ④Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods --- paintings， sculpture and architecture --- and superfluous experiences --- music， literature， religion and philosophy. ⑤(43)[A] Of course， it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills， but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.

　　【分析】 [A]選項句首出現(xiàn)了 these superfluous things。these這個明顯的指示代詞前，一定會出現(xiàn)superfluous相關的表達。在43空前出現(xiàn)了superfluous material goods和superfluous experiences，這就形式照應的關系。

　　新題型是個技巧性很強的專項，建議大家能掌握些重要的解題技巧，快速得分。

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