考研英語時文賞讀（145）：熟真的能生巧嗎？

　　Blow to 10,000-hour rule as study finds practice doesn’t always make perfect

　　打破一萬小時定律，正如研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，熟并不總能生巧

　　With blatant disregard for the public benefits of motivational idioms, researchers have concluded that practice does not, necessarily, make perfect.

　　研究人員公然反駁勵志熟語對公眾的好處，得出結論說“熟不一定能生巧”。

　　A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as, if not more than, better players, leaving other factors such as quality of tuition, learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.

　　一項針對小提琴演奏者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在不考慮教學質量、學習技能和天賦等差異的情況下，普通演奏者練習的次數(shù)與最優(yōu)秀的演奏者是一樣多，甚至可能更多。

　　The work is the latest blow to the 10,000-hour rule, the idea promoted in Malcolm Gladwell’s 2008 book, Outliers, which has been taken to mean that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. In the book, Gladwell states that “ten thousand hours is the magic number of greatness”.

　　這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是對“一萬小時定律”的最新挑戰(zhàn)。馬爾科姆·格拉德威爾在他2008年出版的《異類》一書中提出了這一定律，他認為只要練習足夠多，任何人都可以成為專家。格拉德威爾在書中指出，“一萬小時是成就偉大的神奇數(shù)字。”

　　The idea has become really entrenched in our culture, but it’s an oversimplification,” said Brooke Macnamara, a psychologist at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. “When it comes to human skill, a complex combination of environmental factors, genetic factors and their interactions explains the performance differences across people.”

　　俄亥俄州克利夫蘭凱斯西儲大學的心理學家布魯克·麥克納馬拉說:“熟能生巧的觀念在我們的文化中根深蒂固，但它過于簡單化了。在人類技能方面，我們需要考慮環(huán)境、基因以及它們之間的相互作用，這樣才能解釋人與人之間表現(xiàn)的差異。”

　　The seed for the 10,000-hour rule was a 1993 study of violinists and pianists which found that accumulated practice time rose with musical prowess.

　　一萬小時定律是基于1993年對小提琴和鋼琴演奏者的一項研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，音樂技能會隨著時間的推移而提高。

　　On average, top-ranked violinists had clocked up 10,000 hours of practice by the age of 20, though many had actually put in fewer hours. In the study, the authors rejected an important role for natural talent and argued that differences in ability, even among top musicians, were largely down to how much they practised.

　　平均來說，頂尖的小提琴手在20歲之前練習10000小時，但是很多小提琴手練習的時間還不到10000小時。這項研究的作者們忽視了天賦的重要性，他們指出，即使在頂尖音樂家中，能力的差異也在很大程度上取決于他們練習的多少。

　　Gladwell seized on the round number to explain the success of notables from Bill Gates to the Beatles.

　　格拉德威爾利用研究中提到的一萬個小時來解釋比爾·蓋茨和披頭士等名人的成功。

　　(全文共266個詞)

　　重難點詞匯：

　　blatant  adj. 喧囂的；公然的；炫耀的；俗麗的

　　entrench  vt. 確立，牢固；用壕溝圍住；挖掘 vi. 侵犯；挖掘壕溝

　　notable  adj. 值得注意的，顯著的；著名的 n. 名人，顯要人物