摘要:做英語習題的時候,很多考生都將注意力放在了內(nèi)容的解讀上,往往忽視了其中一個很不起眼的角色:標點符號。其實只要用對了方法,標點符
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摘要:做英語習題的時候,很多考生都將注意力放在了內(nèi)容的解讀上,往往忽視了其中一個很不起眼的角色:標點符號。其實只要用對了方法,標點符號是解題的一大妙招哦!
?問號
考研英語中,閱讀文章中的問號一般都是設(shè)問的功能,只問不答,答案不言自明,請一定認真品味作者想要表達的真實含義。比如 2014年閱讀text1:
中有句話"We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster。" Help? Really?
此處help?really?中問號就暗示我們作者對以上的說法是非常不以為然的。
同時,關(guān)于問號,我們還需要注意如果一篇文章開篇就是問句,那么則屬于問題答案型文章,對問題的回答就是全文主旨。比如1996年text4:
第一段:What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America-breakthroughs such as the telegraph , the steamboat and the weaving machine?那么這篇文章的中心,我們就一目了然了。
?冒號
冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程,后面進一步補充說明前面的內(nèi)容。所以我們往往可以分句冒號后面的東西來準確理解冒號之前的內(nèi)容。1997年題目 問劃線單詞的意思,原文如下:We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. 那么我們根據(jù)冒號之后的解釋,可以很輕易的從[A] widespread [B] overwhelming [C] piercing [D] fashionable 中選出正確答案 [A]。
?破折號
如果句子出先一個破折號,則表明后面的內(nèi)容對破折號之前的內(nèi)容起補充說明或評價判斷的作用,類似于冒號;
如果句子中間有兩個破折號,如In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia。
兩破折號之間所夾內(nèi)容通常稱為"插入語"起補充說明作用,在考研30年的歷史中,兩個破折號之間的插入語從來沒有出過正確答案,所以可先跳過不看,以減少閱讀量。
?分號
分號前后是并列關(guān)系,如果句中有一個分號,則表明分號前后語義相同,如1997年閱讀中有道題目問69.The sentence"This is no flash in the pan" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that ________?;氐皆闹校篢his is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America。
那么根據(jù)分號前后語義相同我們很容易選出正確答案為[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time。
如果句中出現(xiàn)兩個或以上的分號,則表明分號前后的東西在結(jié)構(gòu)上是并列的。如96年第四篇中Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors ; and above all the American genius for nonverbal , "spatial" thinking about things technological。
?引號
引號有三種作用①引用,②強調(diào),③諷刺
尤其需要注意的是第三種表示諷刺的作用,因為它往往暗示著作者并不認同的態(tài)度。比如"Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for"equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science。這句話中creationism前面的Scientific加了引號,就表明作者認為創(chuàng)始論其實是不科學的。那么題 目"Creationism" in the passage refers to ________. [A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe[B] a notion of the creation of religion [C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation [D] the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe中正確答案就顯然為[D]了。
那么,我們怎么能知道具體到某句話中,引號到底是表示引用,強調(diào),還是表示諷刺呢?通常,如果加引號的詞是含有褒義或者說正向意義的詞,那么加了引號就表明的是諷刺了。
?逗號
逗號主要是用于分割并列成分。在考研閱讀中,如果逗號之前人名、地名、機構(gòu)名稱等專有名詞,逗號之后或者兩個逗號之間內(nèi)容為對這些內(nèi)容的身份、 地位等等的解釋說明成分時,通常與解題無關(guān),可以跳過不看。比如In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency,"George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme。中,Chancellor of the Exchequer就可以跳過不讀。
?括號
括號也表示解釋說明,跟破折號一樣既可以解釋前面的名詞也可以解釋前面的句子,需要根據(jù)括號的位置去判斷。例如:Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions.像這樣括號在句號的里面,解釋的就是離其最近的名詞。像Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)這個例句中,括號在句號的外面,解釋的就是前面的一句話。
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