摘要:從小學(xué)到大的英語,還是不懂語法。翻來覆去,英語語法只有那么多,會(huì)者不難,難者不會(huì)。幫幫為英語薄弱的小伙伴們匯總了考研英語語法知
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摘要:從小學(xué)到大的英語,還是不懂語法。翻來覆去,英語語法只有那么多,會(huì)者不難,難者不會(huì)。幫幫為英語薄弱的小伙伴們匯總了考研英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望2019的考研er能夠有所裨益!
?as...as...引導(dǎo)的比較級(jí):
(1)"as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as+被比較對(duì)象"結(jié)構(gòu)。例句: He studies as hard as you. 他像你一樣學(xué)習(xí)努力。
(2)在否定句或疑問句中可用 not so…as…. 例句:He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。
?only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型:
only +狀語 (或狀語從句)位于句首時(shí),句子部分倒裝。
例句: Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奮、正直,一個(gè)人在生活中才能成功。
注意:但 only修飾主語時(shí),不倒裝。例句: Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎樣解那道題。
?wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣:
wish 后面的從句,當(dāng)表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),其賓語從句的動(dòng)詞形式為:
?、疟硎緦?duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式表示,be 的過去式用were.
I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道這個(gè)問題的答案。(可惜不知道。)
?、票硎緦?duì)過去情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用had +過去分詞。
I wish (that) I hadn't wastedso much time. 我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。( 實(shí)際上已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)掉了。)
⑶表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望:謂語動(dòng)詞形式為"would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形"。在這種情況下,主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn),取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動(dòng)作名詞除外) 。
I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。
注意:若wish 后的賓語從句中用 would,可以表示請(qǐng)求,通常意味著說話人的不快或不滿。
例句:I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安靜一些。
?it形式賓語:
和it 作形式主語一樣, 我們常用it 來作形式賓語, 把真正的賓語從句放在句末, 這種情況尤其出現(xiàn)在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。
例句:He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不會(huì)屈服。
?The+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示"越......越......"
例句:The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我們?cè)胶ε吕щy,困難就會(huì)變得越強(qiáng)大。
? 賓語從句:一般疑問句做賓語,引入if或whether
例句: I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?
? 原因狀語從句:since引導(dǎo)的
例句: Don't eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.
?否定詞前置倒裝:scarcely...when...
例句: Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began torain.
? If虛擬條件句
?、疟硎九c現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況:從句:If+主語+過去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were),主句:主語+ should/would/might/could+do:
例如:If I were you, I would not accept his offer。
?、票硎九c過去情況相反:
從句:If+主語+had+done,主句:主語+should/would/might/could+have done
例如:If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam。
?、潜硎九c將來情況相反:主句謂語用"would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形",從句謂語用"were +動(dòng)詞不定式"或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"。
例如:If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study。
?賓語從句:放在介詞后面,作介詞的賓語。
例句:I know nothing about him except that he used towork in Shanghai.
?狀語從句省略(分詞作狀語):從句的主語和狀語從句的主語一致,狀從省略采用分詞作狀語。
例句:
(Because) being short of money, we can't afford a TV set. =Because we are short of money, we can't afford a TV set.
?并列句:由and,or , but連接的兩個(gè)句子成為并列句。
?省略句 /倒裝:so/系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +sb 表示"前者情況適用于后者"。例句:
You are a student, so am I.
?定語從句 who引導(dǎo)的限定性定從
例句:Do youremember the girl who taught us English ?你還記得教我們英語的那個(gè)女孩嗎?
?賓語從句:whether的用法。
例句:I wonder if/whether it is going to rain tomorrow.
?不定式做定語
例句:Theonly way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected.
?原因狀從:now that的用法。
now that 表示 "既然"。與 since 的不同之處在于,now that 引出的必須是一個(gè)新出現(xiàn)的事實(shí)或情況,如果依然如故,和過去相比并沒有變化,則不用 now that 引導(dǎo)。
例句:Now that we have all the materials ready, we shouldbegin the new task at once.既然我們把所有材料都準(zhǔn)備好了,我們應(yīng)該立刻開始這項(xiàng)新的工作。
? 原因狀從:for的用法。
由because 引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號(hào),則可以用并列連詞 for 來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用 for。例句:He is absent today, because/for he is ill. 他今天沒來,因?yàn)樗×恕?br />
? 原因狀從:as 的用法。
例句:The Singapore passengers begin to decrease as otherairlines spread their operating range.
? 同位語從句:Iwant to know the answer to this question who will be our next president.
原因狀從: in that的用法。例句:
Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that itpromotes competition. 私營(yíng)化的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于能促進(jìn)相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
? 不定式:不定式做目的狀語。
例句:Weget up very early to catch the first bus.
?同位語從句:同位語從句在句中作A同位語,對(duì)被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容予以解釋說明。
同位語的特點(diǎn)是:抽象名詞在前,表達(dá)具體內(nèi)容的從句在后。常見的名詞包括: assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion結(jié)論/ doubt懷疑等。
例句:The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in theregion has been discussed. 關(guān)于我們應(yīng)該開發(fā)本地區(qū)資源的建議已經(jīng)討論過了。
?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表示過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
具體來說,這種用法是表示開始于過去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。謂語動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
例句:An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policemanyelled to her, "Don't you knowwhat it means when I hold up my hand?" The lady said, "Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now." 一個(gè)老婦人走到了馬路中央,這時(shí),一位交警朝著她嚷道:"我都把手舉起來了,你難道還不知道什么意思嗎?"老太太說:"我當(dāng)然知道,我都做了28 年的老師了。"
? 時(shí)間狀從:not…until… 用法。
例句:The students didn't stop talking until the teacher came in.
?it做形式主語,句子做邏輯主語:如果主語太長(zhǎng),常用代詞 it 作形式主語,將真正的主語從句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。
例句:It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can't remember it. 如果你記不住,那么你讀什么或者學(xué)什么都不重要了。
? 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語:
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語。例句:There areseveral things to consider when buying fresh foods. 當(dāng)購買新鮮食品時(shí),有幾個(gè)事情要考慮。
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語。例句:Working hard,you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你將會(huì)成功。
(3)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。例句:All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不著,思考著那個(gè)問題。
(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語。例句:Please answerthe question using another way. 請(qǐng)用另一種方法回答問題。
(5)現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語。例句:Not knowingher address, I can't write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我沒法給她寫信。
(6)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。
例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 擁有汽車使機(jī)動(dòng)程度更高,使司機(jī)能自由自在地往來各地。
(7)現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語。
例句:Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn't get enough food.雖然他父親從早到晚拼命干,但是還是掙不夠吃的。
? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)
(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的推測(cè),用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形
對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的肯定推測(cè):must+動(dòng)詞原形
對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的否定推測(cè):can't +動(dòng)詞原形
對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的可能推測(cè):may/might +動(dòng)詞原形
例句:What is he doing?
He must be sleeping./He can'tbe reading./ He may/might be reading but I'm not sure.
(2)對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè),用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have donesth.
對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測(cè):must+have done sth.
對(duì)過去情況的否定推測(cè):can't +have donesth.
對(duì)過去情況的可能推測(cè):may/might +have done sth.
例句:It must / may / might / have rained last night. Theground is wet.
The door is locked. He cannot / may ( might ) not havebeen at home.
? 部分倒裝:否定詞前置
(1)hardly/scarcely…when…
例句:Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisit her.
她剛一出門,一個(gè)學(xué)生就來拜訪她。
(2)no sooner…than…
例句:No sooner had the game begun than it began to rainheavily.
比賽剛一開始就下起了雨。
? 動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):邏輯主語和主句主語不一致時(shí)采用。
例句:Time permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.(=f time permits, we will go for a
picnic tomorrow.) 如果時(shí)間允許,我們明天會(huì)去野餐。
?so...as to 結(jié)構(gòu):表示"如此......以至于......"。
例句:The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse.那個(gè)女孩興奮得喊啞了嗓子。
? even if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句:"即使"
例句: Even if we achieve great success in our work, weshould not be proud.
即使我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟪煽?jī),也不應(yīng)該自滿。
? when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句
(1)when可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用。
例句:Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動(dòng)詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?
when從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。
例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會(huì)兒。
When I got to the airport,theguests had left.(got to后發(fā)生)當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),客人們已經(jīng)離開了。
?that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
名詞從句作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),前面的that常被省略,特別是在非正式語體中。
例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along thecoast. 我建議他們沿著海岸開車。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我會(huì)成功。
? which 引導(dǎo)的主語從句
例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他們將選擇哪本書仍然不被人知。
?過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)
(1)過去完成時(shí)(past perfect tense):強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作前或過去某個(gè)時(shí)間常常用到的時(shí)態(tài),或指在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間段已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,它就是過去的過去。 ①表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的某種影響或結(jié)果,用來指定在另一個(gè)過去行動(dòng)之前就已經(jīng)完成了的一個(gè)事件。②過去某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在將來可能還要延續(xù)下去。句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去之前(過去的過去),即過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他說他已經(jīng)去過北京兩次。
(2)過去將來時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。即:過去將來時(shí)是"立足過去,著眼未來"的一種時(shí)態(tài), 常用于賓語從句中。判斷這種時(shí)態(tài)的依據(jù)是:要有表示過去的"動(dòng)作", 而不是時(shí)間。例句:I heard that they were going toreturn to Shanghai soon. 我聽說他們不久要回到上海。
?there be句型:表示的是 "某處有(存在)某人或某物",其結(jié)構(gòu)為There be (is,are,was, were )+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。
例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52個(gè)學(xué)生。
(實(shí)習(xí)小編:玉琳)
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