解讀閱讀中九大符點(diǎn)釋放的信號(hào)

　　【摘要】得閱讀者得天下。閱讀的考察大到篇章，小到標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，都是我們要掌握各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，知己知彼方能百戰(zhàn)不殆。
 

　　?逗號(hào) comma

　　用于分割并列成分?？佳兄攸c(diǎn)：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后，如果是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分時(shí)，跳過(guò)不看。

　　Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

　　?句號(hào) period/full stop

　　1、用于陳述句，表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束， 起分割切分句子作用。

　　2、用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、 Ms.、 etc.等等。如果句號(hào)作為簡(jiǎn)寫符號(hào)使用，那么這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)寫前后面的符號(hào)應(yīng)該照常寫上，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)寫號(hào)并非句號(hào)，也不遵循句號(hào)的語(yǔ)法。比如Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc..(注意兩個(gè)點(diǎn))。

　　3、用作小數(shù)點(diǎn)

　　?問(wèn)號(hào)

　　考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章中的問(wèn)號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問(wèn)的功能，只問(wèn)不答，答案不言自明。Eg1. 考研難道沒(méi)有價(jià)值嗎?另外，如果開篇就是問(wèn)句，那么則屬于問(wèn)題答案型文章，對(duì)問(wèn)題的回答就是全文主旨。

　　?冒號(hào)(colon)

       冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過(guò)程，后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容。

　　Eg.1997 passage 3 Q2

　　60. The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.
　　[A] widespread     [B] overwhelming
　　[C] piercing           [D] fashionable

　　We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

　　?分號(hào)(semi-colon)

       前后是并列關(guān)系，包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語(yǔ)義上的并列。

　　For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)

　　?引號(hào)(quotation marks)：①引用 ②強(qiáng)調(diào) ③諷刺

　　Eg1 “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.

　　?括號(hào)(parentheses ) ①解釋說(shuō)明生詞。②補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

　　Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

　　?破折號(hào)(dash)

　　1、一個(gè)破折號(hào)后面起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷。

　　I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.

　“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

　　2、兩破折號(hào)之間其補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可先跳過(guò)不看。

　　In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

　　?省略號(hào)(ellipsis) ...

　　英文中的省略號(hào)的作用和漢語(yǔ)是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句圍并且有下文時(shí)，應(yīng)該打四個(gè)點(diǎn)，最后一個(gè)為句號(hào)。如:And it flew further, and further, and further.... Jorge smiled and turned back.

      當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并作為語(yǔ)氣延長(zhǎng)的作用時(shí)，應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn)，如：Do you love me...?其余情況下使用三個(gè)點(diǎn)。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town, please send...more...

 　?。ㄎ沂菍?shí)習(xí)小編鄭玉寶，沒(méi)有傘的孩子必須努力奔跑！）