考研英語(yǔ)備考技巧：閱讀中標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的妙用

　　在考研閱讀中，不論是閱讀文章還是解答題目，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)都可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的妙用。下面張瑩老師就帶著大家見證一下由它們所產(chǎn)生的奇跡。

　　一：逗號(hào)
　　兩逗號(hào)中為插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，看暫時(shí)跳讀
　　1. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.（2000，Text 1）
　　半導(dǎo)體制造業(yè)是美國(guó)發(fā)明的，而且是新的電腦時(shí)代的核心產(chǎn)業(yè)，一度被認(rèn)為會(huì)成為下一個(gè)受害者。
　　2 .Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. （2000，Text 1）
　　面對(duì)國(guó)外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，美國(guó)一些大型產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)了萎縮或者倒閉，比如消費(fèi)電子業(yè)。
　　3. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. （2000，Text 2）
　?。ㄗ瞿腥丝偸怯形ｋU(xiǎn)。男女出生比例大約為105:100，但到成年時(shí)，這個(gè)比例就差不多會(huì)降到持平狀態(tài)；而在70歲老年人中，女性人數(shù)是男性人數(shù)的兩倍。但是男性死亡率高這一普遍現(xiàn)象正在被改變。現(xiàn)在，男嬰存活率幾乎和女嬰一樣。）這意味著到了找對(duì)象的關(guān)鍵幾年，男性人數(shù)將首次超過(guò)女性。

　　二： 冒號(hào)
　　進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明前句中的事物或現(xiàn)象
　　1. We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. （1996，Text 4）
　　60. The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.
　　[A] widespread
　　[B] overwhelming
　　[C] piercing
　　[D] fashionable
　　2. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. （2000，Text 2）
　　進(jìn)行進(jìn)化式自殺還有一種辦法：一直活著、少生孩子。
　　3. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life," and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time". (2001, Text 5)
　　69. "Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by ________.
　　[A] non-materialistic lifestyle
　　[B] a bit of everything
　　[C] extreme stress
　　[D] anti-consumerism

　　三：分號(hào)
　　可表示結(jié)構(gòu)并列或語(yǔ)意并列，有時(shí)可利用分號(hào)推測(cè)句子意思或作者態(tài)度
　　1.This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.  （1997，Text 5）
　　這不是曇花一現(xiàn)，在過(guò)去幾年里，英國(guó)和美國(guó)的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)測(cè)水平。
　　69. The sentence "This is no flash in the pan" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.
　　[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time
　　[B] the inflation rate will soon rise
　　[C] the inflation will disappear quickly
　　[D] there is no inflation at present
　　2. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. （2000，Text 2）
　　對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著進(jìn)化已經(jīng)結(jié)束，生物學(xué)上的烏托邦時(shí)代已經(jīng)來(lái)臨。
　　3.  [2004 Text 1] Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.
　　The expression "tip service" (Line 3-4, Paragraph 3) most probably means________.
　　[A] advisory    [B] compensation   [C] interaction     [D] reminder

　　四： 破折號(hào)
　　兩破折號(hào)中為插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，看暫時(shí)跳讀
　　1.At the same time, the American Law Institute -- a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort（侵權(quán)） law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard（轟炸） them with a lengthy list of possible ones. （1999，Text 1）
　　與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)法律協(xié)會(huì)--一群說(shuō)話舉足輕重的法官、律師和學(xué)者--頒布了新的侵權(quán)行為法準(zhǔn)則，規(guī)定公司不必提醒消費(fèi)者顯而易見的危險(xiǎn)，也不必為他們列出一長(zhǎng)串可能遇到的危險(xiǎn)。
　　2. But in the past 100, 000 years-even the past 100 years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. （2000，Text 2）
　　可是過(guò)去10萬(wàn)年--甚至在過(guò)去100年里，我們的生很活發(fā)生了變化，但我們的身體卻沒有改變。
　　3."Those things that do not show up in the test scores-personality, ability, courage or humanity-are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. （2000，Text 4）
　　"那些考試成績(jī)無(wú)法反映的東西--個(gè)性、能力、勇氣或人性--完全被忽略了，"執(zhí)政的自由民主黨教育委員會(huì)主席Toshiki Kaifu說(shuō)。（由此產(chǎn)生的挫折感導(dǎo)致了孩子們的中途退學(xué)和難以管教。）